| |
|
|
Theme
5 |
Advances
in Observation and Reanalysis Datasets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1277 |
5 |
Keynote |
|
Nathaniel |
Livesey |
- |
Beyond the "Golden Age" -
Routes to Continuing and Augmenting the Record of Spaceborne Limb and
Occultation Sounders |
| 1365 |
5 |
Keynote |
|
Daren |
Lyu |
- |
Atmospheric Profiling
Synthetic Observation System in Tibet |
| 1397 |
5 |
Oral |
|
|
David |
Flittner |
- |
Stratospheric Aerosol
and Gas Experiment III Installed on the International Space Station (SAGE
III/ISS): On-Orbit Update |
| 1383 |
5 |
Oral |
|
|
Kaley |
Walker |
- |
The SPARC Water
Vapour Assessment II: Overview of Results and Characterization of Instruments
and Data Records |
| 1142 |
5 |
Oral |
|
|
Jacquelyn C |
Witte |
- |
Twenty Years of
SHADOZ: Archiving, Reprocessing, and Uncertainties of Tropical Ozonesonde
Profiles |
| 1448 |
5 |
Oral |
|
|
Emma |
Leedham Elvidge |
ECS |
Multiple Tracer Gases
from Aircraft and AirCores and their Potential as Diagnostic Tools for
Stratospheric Changes |
| 1521 |
5 |
Oral |
|
|
Susann |
Tegtmeier |
- |
The Tropical
Tropopause Layer in Observations and Reanalysis Data Sets |
| 1252 |
5 |
Oral |
|
|
Edwin |
Gerber |
- |
The Annular Modes in
Reanalyses: The Value of Conventional and Surface-Observation Only based
Reanalyses in the Northern Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
Interannual variations and climate |
| 1281 |
5 |
1 |
1 |
E |
Amanda C. |
Maycock |
- |
Revisiting the
Mystery of Recent Stratospheric Temperature Trends |
| 1406 |
5 |
1 |
2 |
B |
Craig |
Long |
- |
Climatology and
Interannual Variability of Dynamic Variables in Multiple Reanalyses Evaluated
by the SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) |
| 1463 |
5 |
1 |
3 |
F |
Chiara |
Cagnazzo |
- |
Assessing the Quality
of Reanalyses Trends in the Southern Hemisphere Stratosphere-Troposphere
through the Use of CMIP5 Models |
| 1044 |
5 |
1 |
4 |
C |
Naga Sai Madhavi |
Gummadipudi |
ECS |
Long Term
Oscillations Observed Globally in the Middle Atmosphere using COSMIC GPS RO
and SABER/TIMED Measurements |
| 1160 |
5 |
1 |
5 |
A |
Ulrich |
Foelsche |
- |
Improving the Value
of Radio Occultation Data for Monitoring Climate in the UTLS |
| 1320 |
5 |
1 |
6 |
D |
Torsten |
Schmidt |
- |
Tropopause
Characteristics Observed with GPS Radio Occultation Data |
| 1421 |
5 |
1 |
7 |
B |
Andrea K. |
Steiner |
- |
Advances in GNSS
Radio Occultation for Atmospheric Climate Monitoring |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
Large-scale dynamics |
| 1001 |
5 |
2 |
1 |
B |
Michal |
Kozubek |
ECS |
New Reanalyses and
How They Behave in the Middle Atmosphere |
| 1226 |
5 |
2 |
2 |
D |
Masatomo |
Fujiwara |
- |
SPARC Reanalysis
Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) |
| 1496 |
5 |
2 |
3 |
C |
Jonathon S. |
Wright |
- |
Assessing Diabatic
Signatures of Upwelling near the Tropical Tropopause in Reanalyses |
| 1194 |
5 |
2 |
4 |
E |
Paul |
Konopka |
- |
How Robust are
Stratospheric Age of Air Trends from Different Reanalysis Data Sets and
Different Methods? |
| 1335 |
5 |
2 |
5 |
D |
Simon |
Chabrillat |
- |
Comparison of Mean
Age of Air in Five Reanalyses Using the BASCOE Transport Model |
| 1534 |
5 |
2 |
6 |
F |
Hella |
Garny |
- |
Brewer-Dobson
Circulation Inter-Comparison Based on Reanalyses and Models |
| 1134 |
5 |
2 |
7 |
E |
Kaoru |
Sato |
- |
The Climatology of
Brewer-Dobson Circulation and the Contribution of Gravity Waves |
| 1345 |
5 |
2 |
8 |
A |
Froila M. |
Palmeiro |
- |
Reanalyses
Performance in Representing Major Sudden Stratospheric Warmings |
| 1378 |
5 |
2 |
9 |
F |
Michaela |
Hegglin |
- |
Seasonal and Regional
Variations and Long-Term Trends in Upper Tropospheric Jets from Reanalyses |
| 1382 |
5 |
2 |
10 |
B |
Corwin |
Wright |
- |
How Well Do
Stratospheric Reanalyses Reproduce High-Resolution Satellite Temperature
Measurements? |
| 1431 |
5 |
2 |
11 |
A |
Bernard |
Legras |
- |
Comparison of the
Cloud Properties of Five Modern Reanalyses with Satellite Based Products in
the TTL |
| 1548 |
5 |
2 |
12 |
C |
James |
Anstey |
- |
How Well Do
Reanalyses Represent the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation? |
| 1187 |
5 |
2 |
13 |
B |
Yoshihiro |
Tomikawa |
- |
Comparison of
Climatological Atmospheric Fields in the Upper Stratosphere and Lower
Mesosphere between Multiple Reanalysis Data |
| 1319 |
5 |
2 |
14 |
D |
Toshihiko |
Hirooka |
- |
Intercomparison of
Dynamical Fields in the Middle Atmosphere Revealed in Global Reanalyses |
| 1413 |
5 |
2 |
15 |
C |
Hua |
Lu |
- |
Solar Cycle
Modulation of the North Atlantic Oscillation: The Role of Rossby Wave
Breaking, Internal Wave Reflection and Critical Layer Instability |
| 1170 |
5 |
2 |
16 |
E |
John |
McCormack |
- |
Investigation of
Planetary Waves and Tides in a High Altitude Meteorological Analysis System |
| 1542 |
5 |
2 |
17 |
F |
Steven |
Pawson |
- |
Global Assimilation
of X Project Loon Stratospheric Balloon Observations |
| 1278 |
5 |
2 |
18 |
A |
Dai |
Koshin |
ECS |
A Study on the
Optimal Data Assimilation System for the Whole Neutral Aatmosphere |
| 1135 |
5 |
2 |
19 |
B |
Noriyuki |
Nishi |
- |
Cirrus Cloud-Top
Height Estimation using Geostationary Satellite Split-Window Measurements
Trained with CALIPSO and CloudSat data |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
Gravity waves and turbulence |
| 1027 |
5 |
3 |
1 |
C |
Corwin |
Wright |
- |
3D Measurements of
Atmospheric Gravity Waves, in Observations and Reanalyses |
| 1396 |
5 |
3 |
2 |
D |
Neil |
Hindley |
ECS |
Three-Dimensional
Satellite Observations of Gravity Waves around the Southern Wintertime Polar
Vortex: Separating Contributions from Orographic and Non-Orographic Sources |
| 1445 |
5 |
3 |
3 |
E |
Peter |
Preusse |
- |
A Test of the
Polarization Relations Based on 3D GLORIA and In Situ Data |
| 1212 |
5 |
3 |
4 |
F |
Masashi |
Kohma |
- |
Seasonal Variation of
Energy Dissipation Rate Derived from Radar and Radiosonde Observations at
Syowa Station in the Antarctic |
| 1289 |
5 |
3 |
5 |
E |
Yuichi |
Minamihara |
- |
The Intermittency of
Gravity Waves Momentum Fluxes in the Antarctic Troposphere and Lower
Stratosphere Revealed by the PANSY Radar Observation |
| 1314 |
5 |
3 |
6 |
D |
Ryosuke |
Shibuya |
ECS |
Gravity Wave
Characteristics in the Winter Antarctic Mesosphere by a Long-Term Numerical
Simulation Using a Non-Hydrostatic General Circulation Model |
| 1372 |
5 |
3 |
7 |
B |
Mareike |
Kenntner |
- |
Characterisation of
Mountain Waves in the Tropopause Region Using MTP Measurements |
| 1481 |
5 |
3 |
8 |
F |
Paul |
Konopka |
- |
Vertical Diffusivity
in the Tropical Upper Troposphere-Lower Stratosphere in the Lagrangian
Transport Model ClaMS and Comparison with In Situ Observations of Turbulence |
| 1449 |
5 |
3 |
9 |
C |
Hye-Yeong |
Chun |
- |
Increased Access to
High-Resolution Radiosonde Data -
New Science Prospects for FISAPS |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
Trace gases and aerosols (combined dataset) |
| 1260 |
5 |
4 |
1 |
B |
Krzysztof |
Wargan |
- |
Long-Term Ozone
Variability and Trends from Reanalyses |
| 1474 |
5 |
4 |
2 |
D |
Birgit |
Hassler |
- |
An Updated Version of
a Gap-Free Monthly Mean Zonal Mean Ozone Database |
| 1334 |
5 |
4 |
3 |
C |
Ryan M |
Stauffer |
ECS |
Evaluation of
MERRA-2-based Ozone Profile Simulations with the Global Ozonesonde Network |
| 1220 |
5 |
4 |
4 |
F |
Nathaniel |
Livesey |
- |
Characterizing
Sampling and Screening Biases in Solar Occultation and Limb Sounders |
| 1299 |
5 |
4 |
5 |
D |
Sean |
Davis |
- |
Assessment of Upper
Tropospheric and Stratospheric Water Vapor and Ozone in Reanalyses as Part of
S-RIP |
| 1386 |
5 |
4 |
6 |
B |
Mengchu |
Tao |
ECS |
Multi-Timescale
Variations of Modelled Stratospheric Water Vapor Derived from Different
Reanalysis Products |
| 1210 |
5 |
4 |
7 |
E |
Farahnaz |
Khosrawi |
- |
The SPARC Water
Vapour Assessment II: Comparison of Stratospheric and Lower Mesospheric Water
Vapour Time Series Observed from Satellites |
| 1216 |
5 |
4 |
8 |
C |
Niall J |
Ryan |
ECS |
Global Cl Species
Climatologies from Measurements and Modelling |
| 1371 |
5 |
4 |
9 |
F |
Quentin |
Errera |
- |
BASCOE Reanalysis of
Aura MLS (BRAM) |
| 1125 |
5 |
4 |
10 |
D |
Henda |
Guermazi |
ECS |
The Simultaneous
Retrieval of Volcanic Sulphur Dioxide and Sulphate Aerosols from TIR Spectra:
Analysis of Satellite and Ground-Based Observations |
| 1524 |
5 |
4 |
11 |
A |
Andrea |
Stenke |
- |
The Basis and
Development of the CMIP6 Stratospheric Aerosol Record |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
Trace gases and aerosols (satellite) |
| 1545 |
5 |
5 |
1 |
B |
Juying |
Warner |
- |
Upper Tropospheric
Ammonia Detected from AIRS |
| 1375 |
5 |
5 |
2 |
F |
Kaley |
Walker |
- |
Long-Term Validation
for the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) Satellite Mission |
| 1285 |
5 |
5 |
3 |
C |
Ghassan |
Taha |
- |
Comparison of SAGE
III/ISS Ozone and Aerosol Profiles with Correlative Measurements |
| 1523 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
A |
Robert |
Damadeo |
- |
The Stratospheric
Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) IV Pathfinder |
| 1304 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
D |
Marilee |
Roell |
- |
Validation of the
SAGE III on ISS Science Data Products |
| 1543 |
5 |
5 |
6 |
B |
Landon |
Rieger |
ECS |
Multiwavelength Limb
Scattering Aerosol Algorithm and Application to the OSIRIS Dataset |
| 1323 |
5 |
5 |
7 |
E |
Michael C |
Pitts |
- |
SAGE III/ISS
Temperature and Pressure Research Products |
| 1437 |
5 |
5 |
8 |
C |
Masato |
Shiotani |
- |
Satellite Observation
of the Whole Atmosphere - Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission
Sounder (SMILES-2) |
| 1333 |
5 |
5 |
9 |
F |
Makoto |
Suzuki |
- |
Sensitivity Analysis
for Submm/THz Limb Sounder, SMILES-2 Proposal |
| 1110 |
5 |
5 |
10 |
D |
Daniel J. |
Zawada |
ECS |
The University of
Saskatchewan OMPS-LP Data Products |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
Trace gases and aerosols (in situ/ground-based) |
| 1143 |
5 |
6 |
1 |
E |
Jacquelyn C |
Witte |
- |
Celebrating 50 Years
of the Wallops Island, VA, USA Ozone Program |
| 1185 |
5 |
6 |
2 |
B |
Klara |
Cizkova |
- |
Eight Years of B199
Brewer Umkehr Measurements at the Marambio Base, Antarctic Peninsula |
| 1374 |
5 |
6 |
3 |
F |
Klara |
Cizkova |
- |
Variability Modes of
Umkehr Vertical Ozone Profiles at Marambio, Antarctica |
| 1234 |
5 |
6 |
4 |
C |
Anne |
Thompson |
- |
Quality Assurance in
Ozonesonde Data: The JOSIE-SHADOZ (2017) Experience |
| 1418 |
5 |
6 |
5 |
B |
Franziska |
Schranz |
ECS |
Middle Atmospheric O3
and H2O Measurements by Ground-Based Microwave Radiometry in the Arctic |
| 1536 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
E |
Akira |
Mizuno |
- |
A Millimeter-Wave
Spectrometer Equipped with a New Frequency Multiplexer for Simultaneous
Multi-Line Observation |
| 1556 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
C |
Thierry |
Leblanc |
- |
Re-Analysis and
Validation of the Ozone, Temperature and Water Vapour Lidar Long-Term
Time-Series at Table Mountain Facility and Mauna Loa Observatory |
| 1464 |
5 |
6 |
8 |
F |
Johannes C. |
Laube |
- |
An Overview of Recent
Findings from Halogenated Trace Gas Observations in the Troposphere and
Stratosphere |
| 1503 |
5 |
6 |
9 |
D |
Linjun |
Pan |
- |
Simulations in the
Terahertz Band on the Plateau by Two Different Radiative Transfer Models |
| 1139 |
5 |
6 |
10 |
A |
Teresa |
Jorge |
ECS |
Peltier Cooled Frost Point Hygrometer: PCFH - Future
Instrument for Balloon Borne Water Vapor Measurements in the UTLS |
| 1452 |
5 |
6 |
11 |
E |
Junko |
Suzuki |
- |
Primary Results of the Ozone
Variability and the Dehydration Process in the UTLS During YMC-Sumatra 2017
Field Campaign |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
Lower troposphere and surface |
| 1363 |
5 |
2 |
1 |
D |
Jin |
Li |
- |
Application of
Extensive Air Monitoring Network: Development of National Land Use Regression
for Air Pollution Exposure in China |
| 1101 |
5 |
2 |
2 |
B |
Nirmala Bai |
Jadala |
ECS |
Estimation of GPS
Water Vapour Using Collocated Simultaneous MET Data and Interpolated
Automatic Weather Station Data from India Meteorological Department Hyderabad
at a Distance of Approximately 30 km |
| 1358 |
5 |
2 |
3 |
E |
Tianbao |
Zhao |
- |
Surface Relative
Humidity Changes in Reanalysis and Observations |
| 1013 |
5 |
2 |
4 |
C |
Minha |
Naseer |
ECS |
Assessment of Drought
in Regions of Pakistan Using NDVI in Relation to Different Rainfall Regimes |
| 1231 |
5 |
2 |
5 |
F |
Andrew |
Turner |
- |
Emerging Results from
the INCOMPASS Field Campaign of the 2016 Indian Monsoon |
| 1355 |
5 |
2 |
6 |
D |
Rui |
Li |
- |
Satellite Observed
Impacts of Wildfires on Regional Atmosphere Composition and the Shortwave
Radiative Forcing: A Multiple Case Study |
| 1332 |
5 |
2 |
7 |
E |
Torsten |
Schmidt |
- |
A Comparison of
Precipitable Water Values from GNSS Ground-Based, GPS Radio Occultation and
Reanalysis Above Oceanic Regions |
| 1417 |
5 |
2 |
8 |
B |
Sarkar |
Md.Riad Pavel |
- |
Acceptibility of
Black Carbon Instead of Particular Mass Concentration as an Indicator for
Traffic Related Partricles in Dhaka City |
| 1420 |
5 |
2 |
9 |
F |
Chuyong |
Lin |
- |
A New Top-Down
Approach to Quantifying the Spatial, Temporal, and Vertical Distribution of
Urban and Biomass Burning Regions Using Decadal Measurements from MOPITT |
| 1041 |
5 |
2 |
10 |
C |
Cheima |
Barhoumi |
ECS |
Holocene Fire History
and Vegetation Dynamic in Komi Republic, Urals Region, Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|